| Professor Charles Rosen FBA | Year of birth 1927 | Year of death 2012 | Year elected 2002 | Fellowship category Corresponding |
| Professor Franz Rosenthal FBA | Year of birth 1914 | Year of death 2003 | Year elected 1992 | Fellowship category Corresponding |
| Professor John Roskell FBA | Year of birth 1913 | Year of death 1998 | Year elected 1968 | Fellowship category UK |
| Captain Stephen Roskill CBE, FBA | Year of birth 1903 | Year of death 1982 | Year elected 1971 | Fellowship category UK |
| Sir David Ross KBE, FBA | Year of birth 1877 | Year of death 1971 | Year elected 1927 | Fellowship category UK |
| Professor Mikhail Rostovtzeff FBA | Year of birth 1870 | Year of death 1952 | Year elected 1917 | Fellowship category Corresponding |
| Mr Leon Roth FBA | Year of birth 1896 | Year of death 1963 | Year elected 1948 | Fellowship category UK |
| Professor Nicholas Round FBA | Year of birth 1938 | Year of death 1921 | Year elected 1996 | Fellowship category UK |
| Revd Professor H. H. Rowley FBA | Year of birth 1890 | Year of death 1969 | Year elected 1947 | Fellowship category UK |
| Dr Alfred Rowse CH, FBA | Year of birth 1903 | Year of death 1997 | Year elected 1958 | Fellowship category UK |
| Professor Josiah Royce FBA | Year of birth 1855 | Year of death 1916 | Year elected 1916 | Fellowship category Corresponding |
| Professor Nicolai Rubinstein FBA | Year of birth 1911 | Year of death 2002 | Year elected 1971 | Fellowship category UK |
| Professor Bernard Rudden FBA | Year of birth 1933 | Year of death 2015 | Year elected 1995 | Fellowship category UK Emeritus |
| The Hon Steven Runciman CH, FBA | Year of birth 1903 | Year of death 2000 | Year elected 1957 | Fellowship category UK |
| Viscount Garry Runciman of Doxford FBA | Year of birth 1934 | Year of death 2020 | Year elected 1975 | Fellowship category UK |
| Revd Professor Ernst Rupp FBA | Year of birth 1910 | Year of death 1986 | Year elected 1970 | Fellowship category UK |