| Mr Basil Robinson FBA | Year of birth 1912 | Year of death 2005 | Year elected 1981 | Fellowship category UK |
| Sir Edward Robinson CBE, FBA | Year of birth 1887 | Year of death 1976 | Year elected 1942 | Fellowship category UK |
| Professor Fred Robinson FBA | Year of birth 1930 | Year of death 2016 | Year elected 1994 | Fellowship category Corresponding |
| Dr Joan Violet Robinson FBA | Year of birth 1903 | Year of death 1983 | Year elected 1958 | Fellowship category UK |
| Very Revd Joseph Armitage Robinson KCVO, FBA | Year of birth 1858 | Year of death 1933 | Year elected 1903 | Fellowship category UK |
| Professor Daniel Roche FBA | Year of birth None | Year of death 2023 | Year elected 1999 | Fellowship category Corresponding |
| Lord Alan Rodger of Earlsferry FBA, FRSE | Year of birth 1944 | Year of death 2011 | Year elected 1991 | Fellowship category UK |
| Professor Maxime Rodinson FBA | Year of birth 1916 | Year of death 2004 | Year elected 1981 | Fellowship category Corresponding |
| Professor Michael Rogers FBA FSA | Year of birth 1935 | Year of death 2022 | Year elected 1988 | Fellowship category UK |
| The Hon Elihu Root FBA | Year of birth 1845 | Year of death 1937 | Year elected 1916 | Fellowship category Corresponding |
| Professor Herbert Jennings Rose FBA | Year of birth 1883 | Year of death 1961 | Year elected 1934 | Fellowship category UK |
| Dr John Holland Rose FBA | Year of birth 1855 | Year of death 1942 | Year elected 1933 | Fellowship category UK |
| Right Hon the Earl Archibald Rosebery KT, KG, PC, FRS, FBA | Year of birth 1847 | Year of death 1929 | Year elected 1902 | Fellowship category UK |
| Professor Charles Rosen FBA | Year of birth 1927 | Year of death 2012 | Year elected 2002 | Fellowship category Corresponding |
| Professor Franz Rosenthal FBA | Year of birth 1914 | Year of death 2003 | Year elected 1992 | Fellowship category Corresponding |
| Professor John Roskell FBA | Year of birth 1913 | Year of death 1998 | Year elected 1968 | Fellowship category UK |