| Sir William Ridgeway FBA | Year of birth 1853 | Year of death 1926 | Year elected 1904 | Fellowship category UK |
| Professor Ernst Riesenfeld FBA | Year of birth 1913 | Year of death 2008 | Year elected 1977 | Fellowship category Corresponding |
| Professor P Béda Rigaux FBA | Year of birth 1899 | Year of death 1982 | Year elected 1974 | Fellowship category Corresponding |
| Professor Poul Riis FBA | Year of birth 1910 | Year of death 2008 | Year elected 1974 | Fellowship category Corresponding |
| Professor Hellmut Ritter FBA | Year of birth 1892 | Year of death 1971 | Year elected 1966 | Fellowship category Corresponding |
| Professor Leo Rivet FBA | Year of birth 1915 | Year of death 1993 | Year elected 1981 | Fellowship category UK |
| Rt Hon Lord Lionel Robbins CH, CB, FBA | Year of birth 1898 | Year of death 1984 | Year elected 1942 | Fellowship category UK |
| Professor Louis Robert FBA | Year of birth 1900 | Year of death 1900 | Year elected 1946 | Fellowship category Corresponding |
| Dr Colin Roberts CBE, FBA | Year of birth 1909 | Year of death 1990 | Year elected 1947 | Fellowship category UK |
| Professor Michael Roberts FBA | Year of birth 1908 | Year of death 1996 | Year elected 1960 | Fellowship category UK |
| Professor C Martin Robertson FBA | Year of birth 1911 | Year of death 2004 | Year elected 1967 | Fellowship category UK |
| Sir Dennis Robertson CMG, FBA | Year of birth 1890 | Year of death 1963 | Year elected 1932 | Fellowship category UK |
| Professor Donald Struan Robertson FBA | Year of birth 1885 | Year of death 1961 | Year elected 1940 | Fellowship category UK |
| Professor John George Robertson FBA | Year of birth 1867 | Year of death 1933 | Year elected 1930 | Fellowship category UK |
| Professor Robert Robins FBA | Year of birth 1921 | Year of death 2000 | Year elected 1986 | Fellowship category UK |
| Sir Austin Robinson CMG, OBE, FBA | Year of birth 1897 | Year of death 1993 | Year elected 1955 | Fellowship category UK |