| Professor Geoffrey Lewis CMG, FBA | Year of birth 1920 | Year of death 2008 | Year elected 1979 | Fellowship category UK |
| Professor Ioan Lewis FBA | Year of birth 1930 | Year of death 2014 | Year elected 1986 | Fellowship category UK |
| Professor Naphtali Lewis FBA | Year of birth 1911 | Year of death 2005 | Year elected 1991 | Fellowship category Corresponding |
| Dr Casimir Lewy FBA | Year of birth 1919 | Year of death 1991 | Year elected 1980 | Fellowship category UK |
| Professor Karl Leyser FBA | Year of birth 1920 | Year of death 1992 | Year elected 1983 | Fellowship category UK |
| Professor Willard Frank Libby FBA | Year of birth 1900 | Year of death 1900 | Year elected 1969 | Fellowship category Corresponding |
| Professor Elisabeth Lichtenberger FBA | Year of birth 1925 | Year of death 2017 | Year elected 1997 | Fellowship category Corresponding |
| Dr Felix Liebermann FBA | Year of birth 1851 | Year of death 1925 | Year elected 1909 | Fellowship category Corresponding |
| Professor Wolfgang Liebeschuetz FBA | Year of birth 1926 | Year of death 2022 | Year elected 1991 | Fellowship category UK |
| Revd Professor Robert Henry Lightfoot FBA | Year of birth 1883 | Year of death 1953 | Year elected 1953 | Fellowship category UK |
| Professor Dmitri Likhachev FBA | Year of birth 1900 | Year of death 1999 | Year elected 1976 | Fellowship category Corresponding |
| Professor Erik Lindahl FBA | Year of birth 1891 | Year of death 1960 | Year elected 1957 | Fellowship category Corresponding |
| Rt Hon Lord Nathaniel Lindley PC, FRS, FBA | Year of birth 1828 | Year of death 1921 | Year elected 1903 | Fellowship category UK |
| Professor Wallace Martin Lindsay FBA | Year of birth 1858 | Year of death 1937 | Year elected 1905 | Fellowship category UK |
| Dr Peter Linehan FBA | Year of birth 1943 | Year of death 2020 | Year elected 2002 | Fellowship category UK |
| Professor Andrew Linklater FBA | Year of birth 1949 | Year of death 2023 | Year elected 2017 | Fellowship category UK |