Global (Dis)Order Evidence Hub

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The realignment of tech supply chains: lessons from US trade sanctions against Huawei by Elisa Oreglia

Western finance and the rise of Chinese tech power by Lianrui Jia

Rewriting the rules: critical minerals and the politics of global trade by Noémie Laurens

The rising trend of screening foreign investments and the further fragmentation of the global economy by Dr. Szilárd Gáspár-Szilágyi

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The costs of moral pretence how hypocrisy undermines international order by Matias Spektor

East Asia’s re-ordering milieu after 1945 - beyond the San Francisco myth by Evelyn Goh

These two publications are from an International Policy Forum we hosted in Brazil in December 2025 on the Global South and the transformations of world order, including a summary note and a discussion paper from Robert Muggah on how crime, violence and their perception are reshaping politics and elections in the Americas, and what measures can be taken in response.

Crime, violence and the reshaping of politics in the Americas by Robert Muggah

The Global South and the transformations of world order - summary note

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The hollow dollar? by Alexander Evans

The US Dollar System as a Source of International Disorder by Daniel Davies & Henry Farrell

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So long, farewell: Stabilisation and the exit of UN peacekeeping operations by Eugene Chen

Peace Process Lite: When global fragmentation meets conflict fragmentation by Monalisa Adhikari, Jennifer Hodge & Laura Wise

The social foundations for peace: Violence, Peace, and (Dis)Order in Ukraine by Daryna Dvornichenko & Holger Nehring

Promise or Peril? Artificial Intelligence, Human-Machine Interaction, and the Risk of War by Adam McCauley

The political integration of armed groups in a changing global security landscape: Implications for conflict termination and sustainable peace by Gyda M. Sindre

Confronting the dilemmas of humanitarian borderwork: NGO engagements with Australian offshore detention by Eleanor Davey

Politically Resilient Humanitarianism: Rethinking Principles, Power and Partnership in a Fragmenting World Order by Rebecca Thompson

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When sabotage becomes piracy: rethinking the legal protection of undersea infrastructure by Jacques Hartmann

From disorder to harm? Governing the Moon and protecting its sites of interest by Alessandra Marino

Towards an orderly and just global energy transition by Peter Newell

Can we sustain progress and convergence in an ageing world? by Charles Kenny

Navigating the global politics of artificial intelligence and healthcare by Jason Tucker

The EU’s new industrial strategy and global disorder by Scott Lavery

The new international politics of decarbonisation and climate preservation by Federica Genovese

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The arrival of the multi-order world and its geopolitical implications by Trine Flockhart

Philanthropy and global (dis)order by Dan O’Connor

Trump’s protectionism and future of global order: how useful are appeals to history? by Eric Helleiner

Grassroots diplomacy in the face of global disorder: historical perspectives by Daniel Laqua & Sophie Scott Brown

'Decline and fall': the ancient foundations of modern disorder by Neville Morley and Roland Steinacher

What can we (not) know about the future? Predicting future (dis)orders by Jana Bacevic

Towards a UN with Chinese characteristics? Heralding shifts in multilateral order by Rosemary Foot and Sebastian Haug

Mapping threats from terrorists and tyrants: language-based detection of socio-psychological risk factors of mass violence by Julia Ebner and Harvey Whitehouse

This conference explored how the contemporary international order and disorder are experienced and viewed across regions and policy domains, at a time of ongoing geopolitical competition, power diffusion, technological disruption, environmental crisis, glaring inequality, and challenges to political legitimacy.

View recordings of video panels from the conference.

On January 13-15 2025 the British Academy and Carnegie Endowment for International Peace launched its Global (Dis)Order International Policy Programme. 2024, was a significant year for international geopolitics following several major international elections and shifts in global power structures. This was a timely and significant moment to gather over 160 participants from across policy, professional and research backgrounds from a wide range of global contexts.

Attendees participated in a range of panel discussions on the following themes: Historical Antecedents and Imagined Planetary Futures; Global Order and its Discontents; A more insecure securitising world; Organising for transnational and planetary challenges; Policymaking in a fragmenting global economy; Global Security Orders.

As part of this conference, the British Academy convened eight policy roundtables on cross-cutting themes relevant to intersections across the programme’s work streams. These were: Can a Fragmenting World Economy Be Governed?; Conflict in Ukraine: Scenarios and Implications for European and Global Order; Sources of International Leadership in the Context of Trump 2.0; The Road to Belem and Beyond: Where Does Climate Diplomacy Go Post-COP29?; What are the prospects and pathways for regalvanising accountability for violations of the laws of war?; Managing Risks and Maximizing Benefits from AI: The Paris Action Summit and Beyond; BRICS Expansion and its Implications for Multilateral Cooperation; The Future of Financing for Development.

From 30 September to 1 October, the British Academy and Carnegie Endowment for International Peace brought together scholars, policymakers and practitioners for a two-day workshop in Berlin as part of the Global (Dis)Order International Policy Programme focusing on ‘The Multiple Appeals to History: Conceptual and Historical Underpinnings of International order’ and ‘Europe and Global Disorder.’

Discussions during the conference demonstrated that time and history are structures of power and serve as a resource for political contestation. Competing narratives, such as liberal progress and conservative decline, as well as thoughts on technology, capitalism, and geopolitics shape how people view the present. Thus, understanding global order requires analysing not only institutions, actors, and geopolitics, but also the temporal architectures that shape how societies understand the past, experience the present, and envision the future.

Our policy forum events are designed to bring regionally specific perspectives to policy areas being explored in the wider programme which cut across sectors, geographies and disciplinary insight. This forum, delivered in December 2025, focused on the topic of ‘The Global South and the Transformations of World Order’ and was co-chaired by Matias Spektor, Fundação Getulio Vargas and Stewart Patrick, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

Questions of order and disorder have long been framed through the lens of great power politics and Western dominance. Yet, in recent years the Global South has surfaced as central to the global distribution of power, the contestation of international norms, and the management of governance and institutions. The transformation is not confined to changes at the level of the state alone - it includes the rise of new civil society actors, the disruptive role of social change outside the West, and the transnational influence of non-state actors such as religious movements and organised crime. As authority in world politics diffuses beyond traditional hierarchies, prospects for global ordering once again require deep engagement with change in the Global South.

Participants participated in a range of conversations on the following themes: Imagining Global Governance in 2050: How to Render Multipolarity Less Unstable; The Return of the Monroe Doctrine; The Future of the BRICS; How US-China Rivalry Constrains the Global South; Climate Governance and Effective Global Financing; Illicit Flows and Transnational Organised Crime; World Order and the Global South.